Entering the conversation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Entering the conversation - Essay Example In the event of such occurrences, human beings have been urged to accommodate the feelings and opinions of other parties involved in the dialogue (14). The author gives a detailed example of the notions a lot of people have on vegetarianism. Most people are of the opinion that vegetarianism is a lifestyle while others hold the opinion the lifestyle is dreadful (15). All in all, the author analyses both sides of the concept so as to include the opposing ideas and the ones for the lifestyle. Essentially, this is to mean that all propositions and opinions of all persons are important and must be considered in entirety. Anything is expected in the course of any form of conversation (14). The author of Reading Strategies indicates that an all-inclusive reading involves various steps. The first must be inclusive of making a preview of the entire text. Through a brief preview, the reader is able to have a quick glimpse of the ideas portrayed by the author (353). The reader must then analyse the thoughts of the author from one’s point of view. This entails the perception one holds regarding the text, either repugnance or acceptance to the author’s ideas. Afterwards, the reader must annotate the key points brought forward by the author in the text, a process that which is only successful whilst weighing the author’s viewpoints in mind. Doubting and validating the author’s views scrutinizes the reliability of the work (358). A good example is Lessig’s work where the author takes the reader through the process of analysis of a piece. On another point of view, the author argues that summarizing the main points in the course of reading helps to confirm that all sections have been analyzed properly (360). At times the author uses some patterns whilst compiling their work, which may help readers have a summary of the text (361). The readers must also use color to highlight main points in the text. All

Fare .v. Michael. C Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fare .v. Michael. C - Case Study Example Additionally, despite the defendant claiming that, police officers violated his Miranda’s Fifth Amendment right of being silent; he is ignorant of the law. Since, regardless of stating the right of silence, which the police violated, he waived the law by admitting interrogations when he had already declined (Scherr & Madon, 2012). The case entails a murder committed by an unknown person but after the arrest of Michael C. by the police and interrogating him while, in custody, they find him quilt. Hence, they file a case against him claiming the defendant was involved in the murder of Robert Yeager where he ought to face the law (U.S. Supreme Court, 1966). However, the defendant claims that, what he uttered during the interrogation was due to the police’s compulsion; hence, they did violate his Fifth Amendment. Therefore, the information attained in this manner according to him, the court cannot utilize it in determining his fate before the court of law. Conversely, the court rules he was aware when he chose to continue with the interrogation despite the soldiers informing him about his privileges; so his action was due to ignorance (Scherr & Madon, 2012). The court eventually resolves that the defendant gave the required information voluntarily thus; California’s court erred in admitting there wa s an invocation of the right of silence when he asked for a probation officer instead of an attorney (Blackmun, 1979). The court holds that, California’s Supreme Court erred in stating there was an invocation of the defendant rights of inquiring the probation officer to be present during the interrogation incident (U.S. Supreme Court, 1966). This is because the probation officer despite charged with the responsibility of safeguarding the defendant rights, his capacity does not qualify him to replace an attorney in legal matters. Since, the probation is a state’s employee responsible for ensuring the defendant’s conduct especially in

Analysis of Creative and Innovation Management

Analysis of Creative and Innovation Management According to Tidd, Joe and Bessant, John, innovation management is defined as the discipline of managing processes in innovation. It is essentially a process within an organization that embarks on new models and ideas that deploy the creative juices of the work force towards a common understanding of goals and processes. (more in Appendix A) Why is it important? The importance of innovation is ever so increasing. In this day and age, innovativeness has come to become a force in wealth creation and business success. It leads to new business ideas and technological revolutions. According to management expert, Peter Drunker, he stressed the survival aspect that an established organization would need to innovate or face the consequences of extinction. In line with this point, many organizations today are upping their efforts measures to strengthen their ability to innovate. Innovation, besides the products and services, also includes the new processes, new supply chain systems, new marketing methods and new leadership/management styles, which would ultimately have a significant impact on productivity and growth. Today, more than ever before, the importance of innovation cannot be overlooked. With the impact of globalization, coupled with technological and knowledge revolutions, organizations and businesses will be have to constantly adapt to the ever changing business climate. Innovation will help add value and propel organizations forward towards overall improvement. This report extends research into Heathrow Terminal 5 (T5), College of Central London (CCL) and the Gilt Groupe. Heathrow Terminal 5 The Heathrow Terminal 5 (T5) project was a megaproject launch in the United Kingdom to increase the current capacity of 67 million passengers a year to 95 million passengers a year. It was a  £4.6 billion project that was large, complex and expensive. In its initiation phase, the BAA, the owners of Heathrow Airport and Laing ORourke push forth with a novel approach to extend the scope of existing research to build on the new project capabilities. The end result: it meets expectations and it is on schedule, within budget and has a high safety record. This represents a major breakthrough in project management practices of the UK construction industry. The T5 utilized state-of-the-art systems and technologies that would indefinitely make T5 one of the most modern and efficient major airport terminal in the world. It incorporated several innovative methods gathered from other industries which included Lean techniques in areas within the IT and infrastructure. For example, the BAA created incentives for contractors to work together, introduced digital tools to facilitate the collaboration between designers, engineers and project managers. It also took advantage of the revolutionary single design visualization system which in effect replaced numerous proprietary in-house IT systems with standard software linking into the logistics systems. Today, the T5 is running beyond expected levels of efficiency in all areas of customer service, and it regarded as an exception achievement. Gilt Groupe Gilt Groupe is an e-commerce retailer based in the United States. Established in 2007, its business model centers in the provision of invitation-only access to highly coveted products and experiences at insider prices. It stages online flash sales that offer its members luxury merchandise, including apparel, accessories and lifestyle items, at a bargain price for a limited period of time. For example, it will inform its members of the launch of a sale beginning noon which typically lasts for 36 hours, with bargains on luxury merchandise at up to 60% off. The Gilt Groupe is the brainchild of Alexis Maybank, a former eBay founding member, and Alexandre Wilson, a merchandising executive at Louis Vuitton and Bulgari. Long time friends, it was not until 2007 that these entrepreneurs brought their complementary strengths, interest and areas of expertise to create something innovative together. With plenty of momentum going forward, the Gilt Groupes innovative business model has attracted a total of $48million to date, and its considering a public offering in 2012. 1.2 Leading and Embracing Innovation and Change As the world economy progresses forward, evolution in organizational design continues to take on new configurations. Organizations today are eager to jump on major opportunities and embrace innovation as changes unfold. We are seeing the proliferation of good ideas that could potential become successful innovations. However, more often than not, there exist strategic barriers and bottlenecks to obstruct the implementation process of valuable innovations. Thus, organizations are willing to invest to enlist the right people and ensure the optimal use of their knowledge and experience. In leading the case for innovation, there are several approaches to embracing creativity and innovation. Anchor Innovation in Strategy According to the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and McKingsey Co, their joint-surveys have indicated that innovation is in fact one of the top three strategic corporate priorities. Looking at some of the pioneer of visionary companies, they found a common trait whereby innovation is imbued in the organizations strategy, from top to bottom, and from the delivery to its execution. It maintains center stage in Board agenda, and is regularly discussed in meeting on equal footing with sales, finance, marketing and operations. Similarly, these forward thinking companies strive to shed visibility on innovation by their implementation of new technologies to achieve marked improvements in the facilitation, management and measurement process from idea generation to its final implementation. Build an innovation culture on participation Another novel approach would be to infuse innovation within the companys corporate culture that encourages participation. In this setting, individuals are most highly incentivized by the power to make autonomous decisions and respect knowledge and a willingness of cooperation towards a joint goal of future value creation. The organizational culture should foster a comfort in employees to freely articulate challenges and express their ideas, regardless of the feasibility. Leaders should encourage the participation and allocate time and resources on innovation through developing a system of recognition that fosters and rewards all kinds of constructive behavior that would enrich and shape the culture of innovation. Make innovation a well-managed process Despite innovation clearly being one of the top three strategic corporate priorities, few if not any would actually manage innovation as a process. Whats most important here is to set in motion initiatives to garner ideas from within the organization. This could be as simple as gathering one idea per employee, and handling these suggestions to explore areas of improvement within the business processes. This will enable an organization to advance the entire innovation process, from idea capture, enrichment and evaluation through to decision-making and implementation. Presentation on The Importance of Creative and Innovative Management Task2 2.1 Influence of Vision and Mission In any leadership position, people count on the leader to set the direction and provide a bearing for the future. In broad terms, this is usually expressed and articulated in the vision or mission statement to serve as a guiding post for the organization. It sets the stage for the strategic planning and objectives, and illustrates a vision that is desirable, challenging and believable. To address the creative and innovative management processes of an organization, I will extend research into a third organization, which is a small-medium size enterprise (SME), The Dance Studio. The Dance Studio The Dance Studio is a leading retailer in Singapore, offering a myriad of latest collection dance apparel and shoe wear. Established in 2009, The Dance Studio was founded by Sally Teo to fill in the gap in providing an affordable option for all dance enthusiasts. A passionate dancer for several years, she noticed a lack of quality in affordable Latin and Ballroom competition gowns in the marketplace. Her vision was to create a niche store that understand the needs of dancers and allow them to shine on the dance floor. Since its initial launch two years ago, the retailer has embraced innovation and expanded into providing dancing shoe-wear and customized costume outfits. It also took advantage of the internet and launched an e-commerce website to expand its geographical reach to its customers. The Dance Studio has come a way in establishing their presence and constantly reiterate its vision through its support in dance events in the community. Thus far, they has sponsored two major events: (i) The Lush event at the Zouk Club, in conjunction with Imperial College London UK Boudn Event, (ii) The National University of Singapore (NUS) Social and Ballroom Club Dinner and Dance event. The Dance Studio today follows a relatively lean organizational structure, where employees hold multiple responsibilities in their contribution to the firms success. 2.2 Analytical tools to identify potential innovative ideas Leaders should inspire employees to search for innovative ways of doing things. This refers to lateral thinking, which is defined as a set of techniques and approaches to look for radically new ways to approach the problems. In the case for the Dance Studio, we could identify that the use of lateral thinking in their focus of bringing their vision to fruition. They have achieved organic growth by the expansion into dance shoe-wear and customized professional dancing costumes market. In the application of analytical tools available on the Dance Studio, it can be illustrated in the four quadrant diagram SWOT analysis in the following: Strengths: Niche market Very focused approach Lean corporate structure Flexible organization culture; ease of implementing change and ideas High profit margin business Weakness: Lack of economies of scale Vulnerable to currency fluctuations; since goods are sourced from the United States and China Opportunities: New markets to explore and expand towards Expand its geographical reach by opening retail stores in other countries Development of their brand as a niche provider to the professional dancing scene Threats: Low barriers of entry; easy penetration into this markets by competitors Business model is easily imitated. Large retailer with economies of scale could easily gain market share. Additional section on PESTLE analysis is included in the appendix 2.3 Assessment of risk and benefits of creative and innovative management ideas Risk management techniques could be applied in this case in the provision of creative and innovative management ideas. According to the ISO, it is defined as the identification, assessment and prioritization of risk as followed by the application of resources to minimize, monitor and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events. In any organization, it is vital to have risk measurement in place to deal with the creative and innovative management ideas. An approach will be to impose a structured platform to guide the innovation process by including mandatory steps such as organization of ideas, researching of patents, exploration of new markets and competition and evaluating the overall risks to ensure the most lucrative ideas are undertaken. This will enable the organization to have enhanced risk management capabilities and safe measures in place designed to make innovation a process that is sustainable and repeatable. In this aspect of pursuing these ideas, it is important to analyze all risks in this process as the higher the degree of innovation will mean the higher level of uncertainty. The sub-factors of risks can be concluding in the table: Factor of risk Sub-factor of risk Technological risk This risk arises from the feasibility in technical terms, the rate of advancement of technology, uncertainty of middle test and production. This could refer to high difficult in RD, insufficient anticipation of key techniques, methodology, etc. This type of risk will be more evident in technological innovation. Market risk This risk arises from the uncertainty of the market size and the industry. This includes the general economy, customers demand, competitive advantage in products, and lifespan of new products. This component is usually broken down to three aspects: Market demand risk difficult to access the market size and capacity prior. Market competition risk new entrants usually face severe competition as similar products or providers could already exist in the market. Market risk of entering the market difficult to decide on the ideal time to introduce products, timing here plays a critical role. Organizing risk This risk arises from the organization activity of running the company. It includes all functions within the organization structure such as: Decision-making risk leaders making wrong decision should they lack foresight and long-term view. Capability risk lack of capability and expertise in the product development process would hinder the creative and innovative management ideas. Human resource risk the diathesis and availability of employees, the retention of good people. Financial risk the available of capital and the management of finance. Information management risk lack of sufficient information of market demand could lead to innovation failure. External environment risk This risk arises from the macro political, economic, social and technological environment that could potentially cause external environmental risk. It includes a very broad view and awareness of the external environment, from the stability of national political situation to the changes of the economic cycle and the social and cultural factors that was identified in the PESTLE analysis. The 4 major components here are: Political and legal environment risk, Economic environment risk Social and culture environmental risk Technological environment risk To conclude, the innovation process with its main risks should be analyzed in detail. It is crucial for an organization to pay attention to the possible relation among different risks and access the full extent of uncertainty. 2.4 Using Change models In order to support the implementation of creative and innovative management ideas, models of change management could be applied as it simplifies a process to allow the follow through implementation success of these ideas. These models were created to cope with the unpredictability of implementing change. In reality, there is no right or wrong. It is the way to go about implementing change that would differ depending on the model utilized. The IDEAL model, for example, is an organizational improvement model that serves as a roadmap for initiating, planning, and implementing improvement actions. IDEAL refers to: initiating, diagnosing, establishing, acting, and learning. The IDEAL model essentially provides a structure to allow organizations in the planning and implementation process. It allows firms to effectively integrate the creative and innovative management ideas with the organizations strategy to establish a successful improvement programme. It comprises of a five phases that has proven beneficial in many improvement efforts through establishing a foundation for long-term improvement strategy. The five phases of IDEAL: I Initiating Laying the groundwork for a successful improvement effort. D Diagnosing Determine current position and set a target for future position. E Establishing Planning the necessary steps to reach the target destination. A Acting Follow the schedule according to the plan. L Learning Learn from experience and improve on your ability to adopt new technologies in the future.

Home Decorating Plan :: Interior Decorating Marketing Strategies Essays

Home Decorating Plan 1.0 Executive Summary Interior Views is a retail home decorator fabrics and complementary home accessories and services concept that is now in its third year. This destination store offers the advantages of providing fabrics specifically designed for home decorator use in fabric widths of 54 inches and greater. Over 900 fabrics are available on the floor at any time with more than 3,000 sample fabrics for custom "cut" orders. Customers see, touch, feel, and take the fabric to their home as they work through their purchase decision. Market research indicates a specific and growing need in the area for the products and services Interior Views offers in the market it serves. The market strategy will be based on a cost effective approach to reach this clearly defined target market. The three-phase approach will utilize resources to create awareness of the store and encourage customers to benefit from the convenience and services it offers. Interior Views will focus on its selection, accessibility of product, design services, and competitive pricing. The marketing objective is to actively support continued growth and profitability through effective implementation of the strategy. 2.0 Situation Analysis Interior Views is a retail store heading into its third year of operation. The store has been well received, and marketing is now critical to its continued success and future profitability. The store offers the most extensive selection of in-stock decorator fabrics as well as a resource for special ordered fabrics. The basic market need is to offer a good selection of decorator fabrics at reasonable prices, for the "do-it-yourself" and the "buy-it-yourself" customers, through a personalized retail store that offers excellent service, design assistance, and inspiration for people to redecorate their homes. 2.1 Market Summary We possess good information about our market and know a great deal about the common attributes of our most prized and loyal customers. We will leverage this information to better understand who we serve, their specific needs, and how we can better communicate with them. Target Markets 2.1.1 Market Demographics The profile of the Interior Views customer consists of the following geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavior factors: Geographics  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our immediate geographic market is the Boise area, with a population of 168,300.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A 50-mile geographic area is in need of our products and services.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The total targeted area population is estimated at 568,800. Demographics  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Female.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Married.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Have children, but not necessarily at home.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Have attended college.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A combined annual income in excess of $50,000.

Law and Order in Civil Society

The laws that govern us in the UK are often used to describe the freedoms that we enjoy. There are no political prisoners (although follows of Julian Assange may disagree), freedom of speech is widely practiced and people can go about their business without fear of persecution. It has not always been this way in the UK, but a succession of investigations, inquiries and laws bought in since the 1980's had bought Britain to this place. Robert Leach describes Law Making as â€Å"ostensibly the most important function of parliament†. (Leach, 2006, P233). Lets start by looking at the law as a whole. The law is essentially to protect its citizens. Law's passed down by the central powers, investigated and enforced by the police and the Judiciary will determine the level of punishment if necessary. Laws don't just ensure that people can't commit murders, robbery or vandalism but will also cover how your employer may treat you and the obligations they have to support you as an employee. Laws will also affect how one companies do business with another and how you drive your car. Law affects us as an individual on a daily basis, not just when we have done something wrong. There are many different variations of law's. International law will affect how nations interact with each other. National law is the law of the land, and can vary widely between states. In the United Kingdom corporal and capital punishment has been removed, but corporal punishment can still be found in some states such as Iran and capital punishment can be found in more developed nations such as the USA and India. In the UK THE National legal system is broken into three; that of England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. National laws will fall into one of two categories again; public & private. (Martin, 2007, p1) Public law will involve the government or the state, and there are three main types of public law; Constitutional Law – covering electoral or democratic issues and disputes; Administrative Law – looking at how the state is allowed to operate; Criminal Law – the application, enforcement and punishment of the individuals who break clearly stated law. (ibid, p2) Private law sees no state involvement, as the disputes are ones of a private matter. This could be an individual who felt that the new television he or she bought was not up to the standard advertised (contract law), a brother and sister trying to settle their late father's will (family law) or a PLC's obligations to their shareholder (company law). There are many more forms of private law and many laws laid down to regulate the state in which we live. (ibid, p3) As we can see, the laws in this country cover many different areas and many different groups. The laws are there to protect the people. Without laws, there would be anarchy. In the early 19th Century an man called John Austin defined law as being a command issued from a superior (the State), to an inferior (the individual) and enforced by sanctions. Some would consider this an inaccurate description as the law (and the State) can be challenged in the 21st Century. (ibid, p9) The Police are the front line force of law enforcement. They are responsible for investigating crimes, gathering evidence and deciding whether to charge a suspect. They play a wide and important role in the overall application of the law. The Police hove powers over suspected criminals that can be used to assist the conviction of the guilty. However, the police have been criticised for abusing their powers, occasionally leading to serious miscarriages of justice as the well know cases of the Guildford 4 and the Birmingham 6 demonstrated, and it was incidents such as these that led to the introduction of PACE. (Elliott, 2010, p384). The Police and Criminal Evidence act 1984 (PACE) was introduced to modernise the power of policed in the UK as a result of an inquiry led by the Royal Commission on Common Procedure (RCCP). PACE provides the code of practice that police forces have to abide by. Failure to comply with PACE can lead to misconduct charges against a police officer. As PACE is a code of practice rather then an Act of Parliament it can be easily amended if necessary. (Malcolm, 2007, p154) The codes cover several areas; Code A deals stop and search powers, Code B gives powers to search premises and seize property, Code C deals with detention treatment and suspect questioning, Code D relates to identification procedures, Code E deals with tape-recording suspect interviews, Code F guides on visual recording with sound interviews, Code G on arrest powers and Code H terrorism suspects under the Terrorism Act (2000). (Martin, 2007, p149). PACE affects every police officer in the country, but police forces in the UK are traditionally run as local police forces. The theory behind having a more decentralised approach was to create links to the community being policed and reduce the risk of Police oppression. A more centralised approach was taken with the Police Magistrates' Courts Act (1994) which allowed the Home Secretary to set objectives for all UK police authorities. The power increased further with the Police Reform Act (2002) and the Home Secretary will now produce an annual National Policing Plan which will set strategic policing policies for Police Forces in England and Wales. (Elliott, 2010, p382) The Bichard inquiry into the murders of Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman in 2002 was heavily critical of the Humberside police (ibid, p382). Published in June 2004 the inquiry noted that the failings of the Humberside Police were ‘systemic and corporate' (Bichard, 2004, p7). Despite the effects of this report, the Chief Constable of Humberside Police refused to resign. The Home Secretary suspended the Police chief, who challenged the legality of this action. The matter went to court where the Home Secretary's right was upheld. Since the inquiry the Police and Justice Act (2006) has increased the powers of the Home Secretary over the Police. (Elliott, 2010, p382) It is not just the Home Secretary that has powers over the police, but ordinary citizens as well. Should they wish to make a complaint to a police authority then this must be recorded by that police authority. The police must ‘obtain and/or preserve evidence' which is relevant to the complaint. Minor complaints can be dealt with by an acknowledgement of the error and a formal apology. If the complaint is upheld for a serious matter then senior figures form the police force will investigate and take any appropriate disciplinary action. If the complaint relates to a senior officer, the matter will be investigated by a separate police force. (Martin, 2007, p165) The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) exists to supervise the complaints procedure against police officers and staff and will set out and enforce the standards which must be followed. The IPCC also has powers to investigate any serious issues they may discover or that are bought to it's attention (Martin, 2007, p166). This was the case with John Charles De Menezes when his family made a formal complaint in 2005 (IPCC website – accesses 29/12/2010). The IPCC is designed to protect the people form those whose role is to protect the people. Acts such as PACE exist to give clear guidelines as to what a police officer can and can't do, yet there is an inevitable clash with Civil Rights issues In order investigate criminal suspects and criminal activity effectively the Police will need to have powers to stop and search individuals, to enter a person's house and make arrests if they suspect an individual is guilty of a crime. The power to interview and interrogate suspects and hold them in detention if necessary is a vital part of the investigative process. These are indisputable facts, and the power the police have over the individual is great. So what of civil rights? Anyone who is suspected of a crime should be safe in the knowledge that they will not be tortured, beaten or have a false confessions taken from them. (Davies, 2007, p153). In light of events in recent years police may need to prove that a suspect has not been chosen as a suspect because of their race or ethnicity. The BBC documentary â€Å"the Secret Policeman† first aired in October 2003. Film-maker Mark Daley went undercover in a police training camp to find out if the police was an institutionally racist organisation. Despite the reporter finding that this was not the case, there were several instances of clearly racist and bigoted behaviour which was described by the chairman of the Commission for Racial Equality as â€Å"truly shocking†. (BBC Website – accessed 29/12/10) Following the documentary ten police officers involved resigned and twelve more were disciplined and three police trainers were removed following a Police Complaints Authority (PCA) investigation, in agreement with the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC). The Campaign for Racial Equality launched a formal inquiry and made 125 recommendations for change. (BBC Website – accessed 29/12/10) A topical issue of recent times concerns the policing of demonstrations. On 01 April 2009 Ian Tomlinson was assaulted at the G20 demonstrations in London. Although not a participant of the demonstrations, the Mr Tomlinson was in the area at the time of the protest. Later that day he seemingly died of a heart attack. A short while later, The Guardian released footage showing Mr Tomlinson being violently pushed to the ground by a policeman shortly before he died. A second autopsy alleged that Mr Tomlinson had died of internal injuries. (Elliott, 2010, p416). Allegations of Mr Tomlinson being beaten by police prior to the footage of him being forced to the ground by an officer continue, and a full inquiry will begin on 28th March 2011 (www.iantomlinsonfamilycampaign.org.uk – accessed 05/01/11). The debate between police powers and civil rights will continue over the next few years from 2011. The outcome of miscarriages of justice such as the Guildford 4 and the Birmingham 6 led to the introduction of PACE. The Secret Policeman documentary sprung from the MacPherson report into the murder of Stephen Lawrence which called the police â€Å"institutionally racist†. The death of Ian Tomlinson, as well as the recent clashes between police and demonstrators over university tuition fee's in November and December 2010 and the Police's use of the ‘Kettling' technique, has called into question the policing of demonstrations. With more demonstrations planned for 2011 as well as the results inquiry into the death of Ian Tomlinson, police power and accountability will debated again. The simple truth is that police officers need the rational-legal authority to investigate and prevent criminal action. Without it they could not effectively enforce the law. None the less, civil liberties that many people have fought and died must be protected. Malcolm Davies is right when he says that â€Å"legislation on police powers must balance conflicting needs of crime prevention and due process† (Davies, 2007, p153).

“Hobson’s choice” by Harold Brighouse Essay

The play, â€Å"Hobson’s choice,† written by Harold Brighouse, was set during the time period when women’s rights were forbidden – not being allowed to vote for example. In doing so, Harold Brighouse combines both comedy and confliction, between all of the characters. When the curtain comes up, you see Hobson’s daughters on the stage in the shop. Maggie, who is hard working that she will succeed by perusing her wishes rather than her fathers. The audience would perhaps find this situation strange as women during the 19th century were not thought of as business women. As a result of this, tension rises as Maggie is defying the stereotype regarding women. She defies the fact that most women don’t make something of themselves. By looking at the account books, it portrays her personality as forceful, forthright and a business type woman. As Maggie examines the account book, it displays that she is intellectual as she understand maths and she straight seems to be more noticeable from her other sisters as soon as she enters the scene. She automatically seems to look superior to them. During the Victorian days, women had to abide by specific regulations. One of these regulations being that you had to obey your father as he was generally the master. There is a huge amount of debate in the play, â€Å"Hobson’s choice,† due to this certain rule. An example of differences developing due to that rule is when they are discussing what time to have dinner: â€Å"Dinner will be when I come in for it. I’m master here.† By Hobson actually announcing that he is master, he in my opinion is not only reminding his daughters that he is superior and his daughters are second best to him, but I feel that he is also reminding himself. This could be as he may be losing control over his daughters. In a sense, a debate occurs when Hobson and his three daughters are discussing marriage proposals as well. â€Å"You thought me past the marrying age. I’m not that’s all.† Here, Maggie is refusing to be put into the so called, â€Å"Shelved,† cluster that her father has positioned her in. There are a number of issues this play looks at towards subjects that even happen in today’s world – for example, alcohol issues, marriage, health and family structure. When Will Mossop is introduced to the play, Maggie is telling him how she wishes to be wed to him, however Will is already tokened – to be wed – to another, Ada Figgins, and is very reluctant to Maggie’s decision. Ada then comes into the shop, like every other day, to give Will his lunch she had made for him, but before she can even see Will, Maggie jumps in front of her and tells Ada she will be getting wed to Will instead. Ada and Maggie have a dispute towards Maggie’s words. Will tries to tell Maggie he is tokened and it will be with Ada like it was supposed to be, until Maggie is telling Ada to leave her shop and as Will will not stand up for Ada, instead tells her that the shop is Maggie’s fathers business and he is the employer, we all find out that the only reason Will is with Ada is because her mother is very controlling and Will actually fears her. Ada leaves the shop followed by Hobson walking back in. Maggie then tells her father about th e decision that had been made and he is very reluctant to listen to the ‘nonsense’ and lashes out on Will and hits him with his belt. Will is then very and tells Maggie he will wed her and her father will not be able to get in the way, followed by Will giving Maggie a kiss in front of her father! Will and Maggie have now left the shop together and are now starting their own business by opening up their own boot store. They both ask Mrs Hepworth if they can borrow a hundred pound to start up the business as she is the only one who can give the future a future. However, as this is all happening Hobson’s shop is losing a lot of their business and is going downhill, driving Hobson to turn to alcohol and always being in the Moonrakers. Will and Maggie wed followed by them seeking husbands for Maggie’s younger sisters, Alice and Vikki causing the Hobson family to be no more as Henry Hobson is so angry with his daughters and also humiliated. After Maggie and Will have wed they go back to the newlyweds house with the sisters and their new partners to have some tea and a slice of cake to celebrate the marriage. However the evening before the wedding took place Maggie had made a plan to keep Hobson out the way so he didn’t ruin it by waiting till he was at the Moonrakers and opening up a cellar door knowing he would fall into it and fall asleep as he was so drunk and unable to look after himself. When Hobson woke up the next day he found a letter on him saying he had been fined for trespassing on someone else’s land, which he showed to Maggie and everyone else when he went to her home that evening. Nearly a year later all three sisters have moved on and are now married, and also Vikki is expecting a baby on the way. Hobson has had the visit from the doctor who has figured out he is an alcoholic and a depressed man, and his only cure was his family, he prescribed him no medication but in fact for Maggie to move back in to look after him. After a lot of bickering between the sisters and Hobson to see who will look after him and move back in, Maggie agrees to ask Will for permission for them to move back in. Will agrees with no hesitation but is a bit nervous about shutting down his business. However, Hobson tries to tell him he will give Will back his old job and Maggie can have her old job back, Will however was not convinced nor was he happy about the offer. Instead they would share the business together and change the name to something that would suit both men. I feel as if Hobson’s Choice went over a lot of issues, some of which I have some personal knowledge in so I therefore found the play very interesting to read and see how others deal with the same situation. Even though I loved to read this play and I would recommend it to others, it was very hard to write about as so much was in it. It opens readers eyes to see what it was like to be brought up in the 19th century and see how life was supposed to be like. A very well written book, and also a very easy read but yet exciting play.